How to Fill out a Genealogy Pedigree Chart

The two most basic forms used by genealogists to record ancestral information are the pedigree chart and the family group sheet. They help you keep track of what you find on your family in a standard, easy-to-read format — recognized by genealogists around the world. Even if you use your computer to enter information, almost all genealogy software programs will print out or display the information in these standard formats. Pedigree Chart The chart most people begin with is a pedigree chart. This chart begins with you and branches back in time, displaying the line of your direct ancestors. Most pedigree charts cover four generations, including space to include names plus dates and places of birth, marriage, and death for each individual. Larger pedigree charts, sometimes referred to as ancestral charts, are also available with room for more generations, but these are used less often as they generally are larger than the standard 8 1/2 x 11 format. The standard pedigree chart always begins with you, or the individual whose ancestry you are tracing, on the first line — number 1 on the chart. Information on your father (or ancestor #1s father) is entered as number 2 on the chart, while your mother is number 3. The male line follows the upper track, while the female line follows the bottom track. As in an ahnentafel chart, men are assigned even numbers, and the numbers for women are odd. After youve traced your family tree back more than 4 generations, you will need to create additional pedigree charts for each of the individuals included in the fourth generation on your first chart. Each individual will become ancestor #1 on a new chart, with a reference to their number on the original chart so you can easily follow the family through the generations. Each new chart you create will also be given its own individual number (chart #2, chart #3, etc.). For example, your fathers fathers father will be ancestor #8 on the original chart. As you follow his particular family line further back in history, you will need to create a new chart (chart #2), listing him in the #1 position. To make it easy to follow the family from chart to chart you record the numbers of the continuation charts next to each individual in the fourth generation on your original chart. On each new chart, you will also include a note referring back to the original chart (Person #1 on this chart is the same as Person #___ on Chart #___). Family Group Sheet The other commonly used form encountered in genealogy is the  family group sheet. Focusing on the family unit, rather than ancestors, the family group sheet includes space for a couple and their children, along with fields to record birth, death, marriage and  burial places  for each. Many family group sheets also include a line to record the name of each childs spouse, as well as a section for comments and source citations. Family Group sheets are an important genealogy tool because they allow room to include information on the children of your ancestors, along with their spouses. These collateral lines often prove important when tracing your  family tree, providing another source of information on your ancestors. When you have difficulty locating a birth record for your own ancestor, for example, you may be able to learn the names of his parents through the birth record of his brother. Family group sheets and pedigree charts work hand in hand. For each marriage included on your Pedigree Chart, you will also complete a Family Group Sheet. The pedigree chart provides an easy at-a-glance look at your family tree, while the family group sheet provides additional details on each generation.

Core Competencies And Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Core Competencies and Sustainable Competitive Advantage In terms of core competency, Nike 1) provides high quality durable items to its customers. As a leader in fitness clothing and accessories, Nike strives to be on the edge of the market by providing innovative ideas that improve customer satisfaction. Recognizing the importance of eco-friendly business 3) Nike promotes recycling to its customers and utilize recycling in its own manufacture of products. Lastly, this organization 4) completes customer satisfaction while maintaining quality manufactured items at a competitive price. Nike’s strong brand recognition, consumer loyalty, and support of retail and channel partners positions us to continue leadership in market share and†¦show more content†¦As a name brand, Nike has developed very effective type of management system. The company continues to offer new high quality products to its customers. Its globally recognized name is increasing sales revenue. The cost of production continues to be low, while research and development continues to make incredible advancements. External opportunities include a lot of places to grow in foreign markets. Nike also has the opportunity to transfer its brand name in footwear to other items and accessories. The company also has technological advancement opportunities to better serve its customers. Manufacturing prices for Nike should be decreasing, while Nike should be able to predict manufacturing difficulties in certain countries. Keeping a large organization well managed in all areas is one of the company s internal weaknesses. As well as prices being considered expensive by customers and the companyShow MoreRelatedWhat Are The Core Competency And Sustainable Competitive Advantage?986 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease their customer base and also delivering better satisfaction to the current customers. 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Knights Tale Essay Free Essays

Anthony Slaughter 10/27/11 The Knight’s Tale Essay In the beginning of the movie Will is just a peasant, squire but by the end of the movie, upon finding his newfound talent of jousting, he transformed is his social status from peasant to royalty by becoming a knight. In the beginning of the movie, The Knight’s Tale, William Thatcher and his two friends, Wat and Roland, start off as three ordinary squires. Right before a jousting match their knight that they serve dies; with their knight dead there is no one else of royalty to ride in his place. We will write a custom essay sample on Knights Tale Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, with the threat of forfeiting approaching, William decides to ride in his knight’s place, risking being caught and put to prison or worse. Once Will was done getting ready for the joust, it was time to see what he could do and to the surprise of Will, Wat, and Roland he had won the joust. After winning, they received prize money in which they divided up among themselves. Wat and Roland wanted take their share of money and go to the bar, but Will had other plans. Will convinced them to put all their money together and train him to become a better jouster. Wat and Roland agreed and they began to train Will; after a while of training and practicing Will got it down, yet the one thing he didn’t have was documentation that he was born of royalty, which was the only qualification of becoming a knight. Luckily, one day while traveling they came across a man named Geoffrey Chaucer, he was a writer/scribe who had a gambling problem and because of his problem he had lost his cloths and was completely naked on the road. Chaucer promised to create documentation for Will, if Will clothed, fed, shoed, and let him travel with them. Will agreed and all four of them were off to their first jousting tournament. At Wills first tournament, he competed in joust and in sword fighting. Also at this tournament he saw a beautiful woman who peeked his interest, her name was Joseline. Will jousted first and did very well until he faced the cocky and undefeated, Count Adhemar who had mocked him and made him look like a fool in front of Joseline. Will competed in swords next, winning first prize in the competition, but Will was not happy because all he wanted to do was beat Adhemar in jousting, which meant Will had to invest all his time into jousting to have a chance to meet Adhemar in the jousting championships. With his goal in sight, Will began winning all the tournaments he competed in, making his name known throughout Europe. His new armor forged and crafted by the women blacksmith, Kate, who now traveled with them, helped him win his tournaments because of its lightness and strength. Joseline also noticed Will, not because of the fame he had earned but because of her unannounced love for him and invited him to a dance after one of his wins, and their love for each other grew from there. Because of Will’s success he was able to move on to the championships, which took place in his hometown. While in his hometown, Will searched and located his father, John Thatcher who he had not seen in 12 years. Unfortunately, Adhemar watched Will try to sneak out. That next day, before the joust with his adversary, Adhemar, Will was arrested for using fake documentation that said that he was born of royal blood. However, Prince Edward, who had great respect for Will because Will didn’t forfeit the jousting match to him just because he was the Prince, was in the crowd with his personal bodyguard. Prince Edward said that Will was a descendant of ancient royalty, freeing Will. The Prince then knighted Will, enabling him to compete in his jousting championship match between Adhemar. When the match started, Will jumped to a quick lead, Adhemar didn’t like that so he decided to use a lance with a solid, metal tip to intentionally hurt Will†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Characterization is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character. There are two ways the author can reveal characterization, direct characterization and indirect characterization. Direct Characterization tells the audience what the personality of the character is. Indirect Characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a character. In the movie the author uses indirect characterization by describing Will’s personality through his actions and choices he makes throughout the movie. One example is at the end, when Will still goes out to joust Adhemar, instead of trying to run away, even though he knows he will most likely get arrested. Will’s act in this situation showed his heart, determination, and relentlessness to complete his goal of defeating Adhemar. Will’s personality led him to follow morals such as bravery, determination, respect, and chivalry. Through these morals Will learned some lessons. Will learned the chivalry of a knight, when jousting Prince Edward, he learned respect when he fell in love with Joseline. Through these lessons he became a noble and honorable man, far different than the peasant life he once lived. How to cite Knights Tale Essay, Essays

Poetry from different Cultures Essay Example For Students

Poetry from different Cultures Essay When we read poems, very few people actually take in the devices used and make sense of the way the poet uses them and still fewer people take the time to decipher why the poet has used that specific device in that specific place. The devises often have hidden meanings, and are used to make the poem flow better. In this essay, I will be describing, analysing and evaluating why and how Imtiaz Dharker has used the devices she has incorporated into the Blessing. The title of the poem alone, Blessing is a strong word which could mean that what happens in the poem is special, almost like a miracle, which helps set the mood of this poem very early on. The first line, The skin cracks like a pod is not only an effective simile, but its a way of setting the scene and cultural aspects of the poem as the first image of a pod that comes to mind is a cocoa pod, which cracks in the suns heat or is cracked open to get to the cocoa beans. The cocoa pod is from somewhere like Africa.  In the second line, the way the words are placed really emphasises the word never as it catches you out when reading out loud. You would normally say that phrase as is never, but in this poem, to emphasize the rhythm and the word never the sentence is never is. In the second stanza, onomatopoeia plays a fairly big part, taking over 3 words, drip, splash and echo. I think this not only gives a strong visual image, but allows the reader/listener of the poem to really imagine whats going on. Personification also appears in this verse, the voice is of a kindly God, which gives religious ideas that were not put across before. I think that this is a successful and effective way of using device and the verse is way of describing the sounds going on, which gives us a different way to perceive the poem. The next verse is a controlled jumble of stylistic and formal devices, concentrating on methods such as onomatopoeia and personification, but also basing a large chunk of the verse on structure. In the ninth line, when it mentions that silver crashes to the ground, the metaphor silver takes the place of the word water, enforcing the titles meaning, by making the water become a precious metal, which encourages us to see how valuable water is in some parts of the world. This is exactly what Imtiaz Dharker is trying to convey in this poem. Within the same sentence, the word crashes is used, which is onomatopoeia. By using this word we can tell that the water hit the ground with a lot of force, which in line 17 can be used as the cause for the phrase, frantic hands (they want to get the water before it all disappears). When I first read the phrase, roar of tongues, I automatically thought of tongues as in, the tongues of different languages. I can see now, that the roar of tongues is not the roar of lots of different languages; it is the roar of lots of people speaking, screaming or crying with joy. This line is also a case of onomatopoeia. The onomatopoeia in the sentence (roar) signifies just how loud the sounds of the people were and adds once again to our understanding of how desperate these people were for water, and how little attention we pay to it. The punctuation and the sentence structure in the third stanza used to allow the words to flow in a certain rhythm and connect together well. It can also emphasize certain words and phrases, such as when the comma is placed after suddenly in line 9, leaving you hanging for the slightest moment, allowing you to pay extra attention to the poem. The punctuation and language used also changes the pace of the sentences, like when lines 9-10 are fairly short and have no punctuation (enjambment), that is read quickly as you dont have to stop for any commas, or full stops, but in line 15, (brass, copper, aluminum) the commas make you stop for a short breath between each word, making the line slower, and more interesting. .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 , .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .postImageUrl , .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 , .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:hover , .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:visited , .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:active { border:0!important; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:active , .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9 .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e850f359e2a047ab47aa46d78c839e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 'Attack' written by Seigfried Sassoon EssayA final device used in the last paragraph is an oxymoron. In line 19, the oxymoron liquid sun is used. This could mean that the water from the pipe has suddenly burst and brought hope. The oxymoron is just another way of expressing how badly we treat water. As a nation, when it rains we moan, and rush out for the smallest bit of sun whilst in Africa, they rely on the chance rain and use it resourcefully.  This poem confused me at first with the sentence structure and the many devices used, but after taking the time to dissect the poem, we can see that all these devices just add to the impact and emphasis of how important water i s to those who dont get it freely, and makes us feel guilty at just how we take it for granted and think of water as nothing.

Test og mongolian history Essays - , Term Papers

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All That Jazz Essays

All That Jazz Essays All That Jazz Essay All That Jazz Essay All That Jazz All That Jazz I went to a show put on by the Savannah Symphony on November 9, 2002. Banu Gibson and Her New Orleans Hot Jazz performed. This was a live performance of Jazz. Banu Gibson and her band performed with an orchestra from the Savannah Symphony. Her band consisted of six people. The music they played was very good. Banu Gibson also has a wonderful voice. It reminded me of the time I went to New Orleans and heard all the bands playing on the streets. There were many instruments used in this performance. There was a trumpet, saxophone, piano, bass guitar, trombone, drums, etc. Banu Gibson also played the banjo some during the show. Banu and her band mostly performed show tunes from the 1920?s and 1930?s. They invented fresh and imaginative variations of songs that were very old. The music was very upbeat. Every song they played had good rhythm. very, banu, gibson, jazz, band, sang, played, good, voice, show, performed, performance, orleans, new, music, tap, symphony, savannah, pitch, live, instruments, hot, along, wonderful, while, variations, upbeat, unique, tunes, trumpet, trombone, times, time, thought

Case Study Report - Introduction to Marketing Essay

Case Study Report - Introduction to Marketing - Essay Example They are efficient in their own term of making the product efficiently, however they did not have any proper marketing knowledge to launch their product. Here we try to help them by considering different issues to evaluate the market. What types of customers are able and like to buy the urban shack product is discussed by consumer segmentation. Here we try to find the group of customers, who will be their target customer. Next we try to identify the business segmentation of Eco Shack. Irrespective of the individual customers, in terms of B2B business that can be approached also the findings in this sector. The branding and positioning of the product also discussed here. What strategies will maximise the customer attraction is the main motto here. In pricing approach, the company is likely to use the cost based approach. What are the basic advantages and disadvantages of this approach is also discussed here.... Some may needed a spare room for their business, or accommodate study or for the older parents or children. As the New Zealander also love to go summer vacation in different destinations like sea beach or mountain, most of them are situated in remote areas, where they need accommodations. A shack which is a type of small, often primitive shelter can use for these type of needs. As the environment is changing one should consider the environment factor while considering the accommodations. As it authorised by the Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EFCA) new building developers increased the usage of insulation rating requirements. Mr. Dough who holds a diploma degree from National Diploma in Architectural Technology (NDAT), and Mr. Paul, who is a qualified welder have come up with two Eco products – Eco shack and urban eco shack. Eco –Shacks are 2.4 to 3 meters wide and varying length from 3.6 meters long transportable building. This can be easily transported by an He rb truck or by Helicopter. It also maintains the NZS3604 standard. With a minimum50 years of life, it has several features like it built on timer framing, eco-ply cladding, wind turbine, battery storage, composting toilet, phone and data connection, long run colour, steel roofing and many other features. It will cost around NZ$35,000 to $40,000. The Urban Eco Shack is having some more features like wool carpet, Sensor light, smoke alarm. It sized about 3.6*2.4 meter floor area with 0.9*2.4 meter deck. The unit cost will be NZ$12,500. However this has been advertised on Trade &Exchange and in The New Zealand Herald, the owner is unable to find any response. In the following areas we try to find different market segmentation. Consumer segmentation Consumer segmentation

Social Ecology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Ecology - Essay Example The arguments of Holmes favor natural ecosystems. However, the author of this passage holds that human and non-human populations are equally crucial. Attfield points out that people should create an environment that embraces nonhuman and human coexistence (296). Robin asserts that sustainable development does not conflict with efforts to protect ecosystem. Robin Attfield agrees with Holmes on the aspects of preserving the wild species. He contends that people should preserve the current wildlife and natural habitats. However, Robin differs with Holmes on the best ways to preserve the natural ecosystem. Attfield asserts that human population should not move from their residential areas where there is peaceful coexistence with wildlife (297). The argument of the author contradicts the stand of Holmes that requires people reside away from natural reserves (296). Holmes argues that increasing human population poses a danger to the ecosystem. He argues that parents should have two children and should do away with extra ones. However, Robin asserts that every child there is an intrinsic value of life. The author argues that there are natural measures that control human population such as death. Robin points out that overcrowding can have indirect effects to natural resources (Attfield

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political science - Essay Example It showed scenarios about how the television network gathered information and broadcasted the war, which serves its main purpose - to provide a balance and fair view to their 40 million Arab worldwide audiences (Bacha and Noujaims, film). The film casted Hassan Ibrahim, the Sudanese Al-Jazeera journalist, Samir Khader, Al- Jazeera senior producer, Deema Khatib, Al- Jazeera producer, Tom Mintier, CNN Correspondents, Lieutenant Josh Rushing, US Central Command Press Officer, and David Shuster, NBC Correspondents. The film showed the events that transpired during the Iraq war of which media centers and their journalists or camera men were killed, wounded, or became casualties of war despite providing the Pentagon their GPRS locations prior to encounters (Bacha and Noujaims, film). Al-Jazeera became one of the most controversial news channels in the Arab world after documenting the Iraq war. It has been criticized both by the Arab Government and US President George Bush’s administ ration. The former accused that the network was the promoter of â€Å"American propaganda† while the latter accused the network as pro-Iraqi. The perceived bias even had them branded as â€Å"the mouthpiece of Osama bin Laden,† due to their fearless broadcasting of images of American tanks, bombing scenes, and the bloodied, wounded Iraqi casualties. The film also showed American soldiers shouting at Iraqi prisoners and harassing Iraqis, and interviews of Iraqis who have lost homes and family members during the war. The US government pointed out that the Arab media is exaggerated for reporting those war events. However, the network has defended their stand that the film only showed the real cost of war and counteracted that the US government were criticizing the film because they do not want the world to see their harshness and faults to Iraqi people and even to the members of the media in invading the country (Bacha and Noujaims, film). The movie’s real theme wa s about the war between the US and the Iraq. However, the scenes were mostly focused on the differences between Al-Jazeera network and the American news networks’ process of reporting the war. The network, though received tremendous attacks because of showing the facts of war still continued to provide fair and balanced information report because they believed that people deserve to know the truth. As Deema Khatib, the Al-Jazeera producer of the film said their main purpose of filming the war is to show all sides of the war claiming that the US networks camouflage the real cost of war (BBC News, P 3-11). 1. Do you think that the documentary has delivered the message of its theme? I believe that the film was able to deliver the message of its theme: the Iraq war as mindless. In fact, it was very obvious since even during the reign of Saddam Hussein, it was already found that the United States supplied many weapon materials to Saddam’s administration, and this has not be en sanctioned. In addition, all the US soldiers’ prowling of Iraq never yielded any form of weapon of mass destruction or WMD, which the Bush administration has declared and made the US citizens believe (Fisk, P 4). It is therefore true that many atrocities committed by the US are for reasons other than what it claimed. The US government claimed that the invasion of Iraq to defeat Saddam Hussein was aimed at freeing the Iraq people from a brutal dictator leader. This,

The Model Building Approach To Value At Risk Finance Essay

The Model Building Approach To Value At Risk Finance Essay The investment of any nature financial or physical assets comes with reward and risk. In order to prosper a company or an individual has to take risk. Generally, investors are risk averse. The risk can be estimated and managed in certain way such that the expected future earnings can be obtained while reducing potential future distress. The key to any investments is pursuing calculated risk path and achieving balance between risk and expected return. The question presented in this assignment also highlights one of the important tools in the risk assessment called Value at Risk. Value at Risk (VaR) is simple but more powerful tool to understand the impact of risk on the portfolio over the period of time. The second part of the assignment explains the stress and back testing covering up some of VaRs shortcomings. (1) Question: Explain and critically evaluate the model building approach to Value at Risk (VaR). To what extent may the weaknesses of this approach be addressed by stress testing and back testing? A variety of approaches to this essay may be adopted. For example, a case-study or quantitative based essay are equally appropriate. Answer: The investors are risk average. They want to minimise the risk and achieve expected profit out of their investment. The risk can be calculated and managed so that financial benefits can be maximised out of the investments. Value at Risk ( VaR) is one of simple and powerful tool to provide a single number summary of the total risk in a portfolios. The tools are being widely used by senior management corporate treasures and fund managers of a financial institution as well as monetary regulators. The VaR declaration is mandatory for the banks as per the Basel Accord ( Hull, 2011). VaR tells the investors, managers or regulators in a summary statement, how bad things might get. VaR enable companies or investors to consistently produce risk measures and risk management across all financial investments (Durham MBA). The VaR enable an analyst to make a statement that he/she is X percent certain that there will not be a loss of more than V dollars in the next N days (Hull, 2011). Here the V is the VaR of the portfolio and it is function of Time (N) and confidence level (X). The key advantage of the VaR statement is, it shows the aggregate risks faced by a financial institution or investor. This simple statement allows senior management to assess the situation and understand how bad things can get (Whitfield, n.d.). There are two approaches in computing VaR namely a) Historical Simulation approach 2) Model-Building approach (Durham MBA) Model-Building approach It is a main alternative approach to historical simulation approach. It is also known as variance-covariance approach (Hull, 2011). An important component in the calculation of VaR is the daily volatility of the asset. Usually the volatility of an asset is in volatility per year. While calculation of VaR using model-building approach, time is expressed in days and volatility of an asset is expressed in volatility per day (Hull, 2011). Therefore, volatility quoted annually can be converted in daily by à Ã†â€™day = à Ã†â€™year/ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 252. Where, à Ã†â€™day = Daily Volatility à Ã†â€™year = Annual Volatility 252 = Assumption about 252 trading day in year. ( Source Hull, 2011). Single Asset case The single asset case is the simple situation of calculating VaR using model-building approach, where the portfolio of asset contains a single stock. For example, we can consider portfolio of $10M in shares of ABC Inc. The other assumption are N =10 and X=99. We want to estimate loss level over 10 days with 99% confidence level. We can assume that the volatility of ABC Inc. is 2% per day with 32% per year (Hull, 2011). Standard deviation of daily changes = à Ã†â€™ = 2% of $10 million = $200,000 We say that value change in portfolio over a one-day period is $200,00 with mean Zero and we can assume that the change is normally distributed. Using cumulative normal distribution table, N(-2.33) = 0.01. We can say that there is 1% chances that a normally distributed variable will decrease in value by more than 2.33 standard deviation (Hull, 2011). It is safely assumed that the expected change in a market variable over the period can be considered to be zero for calculation VaR. Therefore the one-day VaR is = 2.33 x $200,000 = $466,000 We can calculated 10 day VaR at 99% confidence level as = $466,000 x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 = $1,473,621 Therefore, we can say that with 99% confidence, we will not lose more than $1,473,621 off the value of portfolio in next 10 days (Hull, 2011). Two Asset Case The risk reduction can be achieved through diversification of the portfolios. There are two types of risk associated with investment namely systematic and unsystematic. Unsystematic risk is company or industry specific risk. It can be reduced using appropriate diversification. For understanding two Asset case, we can consider price example with one more company. Lets consider we have $5million positions in XYX Inc and the daily volatility is 1%. (Hull, 2011). Change in value of portfolio in one day = 5,000,000 X 0.01 = $50,000 And 1-day 99% VaR is = $50,000 x 2.33 = $116,500 10-day 99 % VaR is = $116,500 x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 = $368,405. Now the combine portfolio with $10 Million Shares of ABC Inc and $5 Million positions in XYZ Inc. will have standard deviation of à Ã†â€™ X+y = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (sq(à Ã†â€™ X) + sq(à Ã†â€™ y) + 2 à Ã‚  à Ã†â€™ X X à Ã†â€™ y ) ( source. Hull, 2011). Where à Ã‚  correlation coefficient on return on two asset we assume it is 0.3. à Ã†â€™ X ( ABC Inc. ) = 200,000 and à Ã†â€™ X ( XYZ Inc. ) = 50,000 Therefore, the standard deviation of total portfolio over one-day period is à Ã†â€™ X+y = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ (sq(200,000) + sq(50,000)+ 2X0.3X 200,000 X 50,000 à Ã†â€™ X+ y = 220,227 Hence, the 1-day VaR at 99% of total portfolio is = $ 220,227 X 2.33 = $ 513,129 Hence, the 10-days VaR at 99% of total portfolio is = $ 220,227 x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 = $ 1,622,657. We can conclude as 10-days 99% VaR of ABC Inc. only is $1,473,621 10-days 99% VaR of XYZ Inc. only is $ 368,405 10-days 99% VaR of a portfolio combining ABC Inc. and XYZ Inc. is $ 1,622,657 The difference in addition of two individual versus combine value represents the benefit of Diversification. In this case, it is  £219,369 (Hull, 2011). Stress Testing There are several shortcomings in VaR calculation. The main critic is that the tool underestimates the potential losses and the actual loss could be much higher (Whitfield, n.d.). Therefore, financial institutions also carry out other techniques called stress testing along with VaR calculation. The stress testing involves study how a portfolio would have performed in case of extreme market conditions. The extreme condition can be a scenario provided by senior management or from historical situation (Whitfield, n.d.). For example, stress testing can be conducted by setting the percentage change in all market variables equal to those on 19th October, 1987, when SP 500 moved by 22.3 standard deviation. Similarly, many such historical events can be found out by analysing historical data and depending upon risk assessment levels, those scenarios can be applied to portfolio to estimate how it behaves under extreme conditions (Hull, 2011). Depending upon type of portfolio, suitable events from the historical data can be found out and better understanding of portfolio can be derived by applying stress test. For example Dot.com bubble busts scenario, Oil price extreme scenario, change in interest, higher commodity price scenarios and natural calamities. All these scenarios percentage changes in all market variable can be found by analysing historical events and then simulating scenario effect on portfolios (Hull, 2011). Stress testing enables the financial institutions to consider the extreme events that can occur from time to time but the chances of such events are very less. After credit-crisis of 2007, the regulators are insisting of stressed VaR test from all financial institutions considering all market variables present during one of the stress period like year 2008(Hull, 2011). Back testing Back testing is an important reality check on the portfolio. Whatever method used for calculating VaR but the back testing remains important. It analyze the past performance of the portfolio and its calculated VaR. It consists of testing how good the VaR estimates were correct in past. For example, if we calculated a one-day 99 % VaR, back testing would analyze how often the loss in a day exceeded the one-day 99% calculated VaR corresponding to that day. If the exceeded loss is in the range of 1% of that day, it can be reasonably considered that the methodology is working and correctly predicting the loss. However, the loss are above 7% of the day and for many days, there is doubt about methodology and someone has to analysis the methodology to fix it (Hull, 2011).

Garbage, Recycling, and Waste Management Essay -- essays research pape

Garbage, Recycling, and Waste Management There are already ways of getting rid of garbage so people won’t have to see it or smell it. For example there is incineration, in which trash that can’t be recycled is burned. Although this meets the requirements mentioned above it has a downside. The burning itself causes waste and eventually it will have a bad effect on the environment. Recycling is a good process that reuses materials so they won’t be wasted and cause waste. But many products are not recyclable, like plastics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a number of ways to solve the dilemma of collection and transportation of municipal solid waste. An underground system of conveyor belts to the dump is a possibility. It would cost a lot of money to build, but then only additional costs would be keeping the conveyor belt running. Each house could be connected to one long conveyor belt dug under the road. Every time people needed to take their garbage out they could bring it through their basement through a path onto the conveyor belt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The goal of trash compactors and sink-garbage disposals is to reduce garbage. In the end, I think it is apparent that this garbage is still there, whether or not it is compacted into a smaller space. These two methods of disposal do not rid the person of the act of actually removing the garbage, and it eventually gets into everyday life instead of being taken away. If it were up to me, instead of just co...

Assisted Suicide Essay

Often labeled compassionate, according to the columnist for the Wall Street Journal, Joni Eareckson Tada, legalized assisted suicide or euthanasia is really a deadly double standard for those with severe disabilities, both conditions that are labeled terminal and those that are not. She seems to be of the opinion that euthanasia should never be considered an option no matter how severe or subjective suffering the person is facing. In the article, Tada claims that legalization of euthanasia, â€Å"sends a clear message that a person with a disability may not have a life worth living† (1). She touches on euthanasia in The Nethlands and Belguium . She stands for a powerful example of a person with this depilating condition, in this case quadriplegia, can accomplish in spite of her condition. However this is somewhat of a bias perspective because it implies that she has put a measure on the subjective pain this condition and similar to it entails. There should be certain conditions set in order to qualify for euthanasia so that it is an option for people who want it but we can also make a system to prevent people from misusing it. We were granted free will which includes the right to end our life when we chose. There does not need to be this all or nothing attitude towards assisted suicide and the disabled. Tada argues, â€Å"this ruling sends a clear message that a person with disability may not have a life worth living†(1). This law would bring nothing but a choice for the terminally ill. There are some disabilities that are incurable and cause tremendous suffering. They should not all fall under one umbrella. Andrew Btiva wrote in his article, Disability and physician-assisted suicide, â€Å"We do not believe that the right to assisted suicide is premised on a diminished quality of life for people with disabilities. It is based on respect for the autonomy of terminally ill individuals during their final days. It does not deny people with disabilities suicide prevention services, protection against murder, or protection from other abuses†(1). Tada is very bias in this article claiming that it would take away the disability will to live and go against their advocacy to have hope and live. When a person comes disabled and loses control in many ways, this in fact just gives them something that they can control. There are defiantly some factors that should qualify for a person requesting assisted suicide. They should be terminally ill with no hope of recovery and  in great physical pain. If it were legalized the disabled population would be majority of the prospect’s. I don’t believe that all disabled should qualify automatically as Tada argues in her article claiming that if legalized all disabled including children and obese would qualify for assisted suicide as an option. Tada states, â€Å"Society’s moral and unwritten law has always led us to save our children-and certainly not allow them to destroy themselves†(2). I do agree that children should ever be considered for assisted suicide unless they are in dire suffering with no hope of recovery. Tada argues, â€Å" a child lacks the mental, emotional and psychological maturity to make such a decision about death†(2). I completely agree with this but if you had your child suffering and in a vegetative state with no chance of recovery wouldn’t you want to put them out of their misery? We don’t let animals suffer so why let humans? My aunt had a very full life at 52 she found out that she had pancriaic cancer and after she went to the doctor twice she was informed that she had nothing more than IBS. I had advised her that she should get further checked out. And in June of 2010 she went to the doctor with horrible pain in her stomach and after many tests she was informed that she was diagnosed with stage 4 pancreatic cancer. At that point she was also told that she would not be able to get the surgery to remove it because it was at the lower end of the pancreas where it would be more difficult and could pass from the operation. She was told she could do Chemotherapy. After doing 6 month of intensive pain ridden sessions she realized that she didn’t want to do that any more. Even tho she did not want to end her life she did request that when she was no longer responsive in the hospital that she have the ability to be taken home for the rest of her time. It was only then that the doctors were very opposed to us taking her from the hospital. Not caring that it was her request that she not suffer the were not willing to let us take her home. Before her death she wanted to die at home with dignity. She didn’t want to be in the hospital. She truly believed that it would have been harder on the family to take care of her and she her like that she wanted to stay beautiful and not have her loved ones remember her as a â€Å"vegitable† laying in a hospital bed. This can be a really slippery slope. Who decides for the children or senile women? I truly The person requesting needs to  mentally stable and there needs to be safeguards against any family or doctors so as not to persuade the person in to euthanasia  projects in her article Let’s make a distinchin are qualifier. Terminal and suffering ,incurable, if theres a huge financial burden. Depression and mental

Payroll Department

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The manual process of payroll system comes with a step by step procedure, first is to establish a timecard system where employees fill out a timesheet or use a time clock. Use timesheets that contain unfilled slots for regular, vacation, personal or sick time. Create a separate filing system for all timecards submitted. If employer have salaried employees, create a log with the salary amount each employee should be paid each pay-period (Grace, 2012).According to the definition of Roos (2005) a payroll system involves everything that has to do with the payment of employees and the filing of employment taxes. This includes keeping track of hours, calculating  wages, withholding taxes and other  deductions, printing and delivering checks and paying employment taxes to the government. In addition, payroll system enables the employer to process its payroll through a computerized system. As stated by McGraw (2009), payroll is the sum of al l financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions.Payroll plays a major role in a company for several reasons. From an ethics in business viewpoint payroll is a critical department as employees are responsive to payroll errors and irregularities: good employee morale requires payroll to be paid timely and accurately. The primary mission of the payroll department is to ensure that all employees are paid accurately and timely with the correct withholdings and deductions, and to ensure the withholdings and deductions are remitted in a timely manner. A payroll system is the method used by payroll professionals to pay employees for their services.Regardless of the type of system used, there are basic functions that must be performed–calculation of hours worked, deductions, personal information and benefits. Payroll system allows the employer to perform the tasks necessary to ensure accurate and timely paychecks. Through the payroll system the employer creates procedures that coordinate the payroll department with these other departments. In addition, it assists human resources with tracking employee's benefit days, such as vacation time, personal time and sick time.Payroll system often has the ability to automatically transport employee punches/swipes from the timekeeping system into the payroll system automatically (Trias, 2011). It is really inescapable fact that having a manual procedure in creating payroll system takes a long time to finish a certain task because of the many steps and processes that should be taken. There is the collection of data such as daily time record, remittances, and individual manual calculation of payroll. Individual data is transferred through sheets, encoding and double checking after calculating.All this process requires labor and effort to complete the task (Quidgara, 2009). A manual payroll system requires that the payroll be processed by hand and is therefore a considerably slower procedure tha n an automated system. The former makes payroll processing simpler, and reduces errors, which are more likely with the manual system (Grace (n. d)). Manual payroll system requires payroll processing to be done completely by hand. Therefore, time card, wages and payroll, tax computations, wage garnishment and voluntary deductions are done manually.Furthermore, paychecks and pay stubs are handwritten or printed on a typewriter. The main disadvantage with this system is its high room for errors. The more manual computations the payroll representative has to make, the more errors she’s prone to make. Furthermore, it’s time-consuming because to ensure the payroll is accurate, she has to triple-check the data before printing checks. Even then, it’s possible to miss errors. Paper filing is required with this system, which can create clutter.Furthermore, if the payroll representative does not understand how to calculate payroll taxes manually, erroneous tax withholding, reporting and payment occur. This can result in penalties from federal and state tax agencies (Grace n. d). According to Schievelbein (n. d)The Department of the Interior, National Business Center’s (NBC) Federal Personnel/Payroll System (FPPS) is a modern, mainframe-based, portable, integrated, on-line, and real-time personnel and payroll system. The system provides personnel and payroll support to numerous agencies.The system is customer-driven, creating and generating the full life cycle of personnel transactions, enabling agencies to maintain records electronically. FPPS handles all current regulations including specialized pay, garnishments, special appointment programs, and more. FPPS was developed by the NBC using state-of-the-art database technology, fourth-generation language, structured development methodology, and computer-aided software engineering tools for robust performance and ease of maintenance.FPPS is a highly sophisticated and comprehensive database manag ement system providing an extensive array of human resources (HR) and payroll automation support within its core, including requirements prescribed by client agencies, the NBC's centralized Payroll Operations Division (POD), and the Office of Personnel Management (OPM). The FPPS application supports Requesting Office, Time and Attendance (T&A input), Servicing Personnel Office, Security, Time &Attendance Maintenance, and Pay Maintenance commands for Federal employees and Emergency Workers (Casuals).All data is defined in a single database which eliminates redundancy and multiple update routines. The single database concept also provides for ease of maintenance and ensures data integrity. Security is controlled by the customer and is sufficiently flexible to support all business processes. The system is table-driven to facilitate real-time data updates and maintenance. Many of these tables are on-line for customer use. FPPS also offers all required electronic interfaces with the U. S . Treasury, OPM, National Finance Center (NFC), and various accounting systems.The system offers extensive data warehousing capabilities. In an Automated  Payroll System, companies offer computer  software  that will assist you in processing payroll. You will need to input information for each employee when he is hired, but after that, the  software  will calculate payroll taxes and other deductions automatically. The advantages of this type of payroll system are numerous: Fewer potential mistakes and less time spent processing payroll. In addition, employees can be trained to run the rogram more easily, so you won't need to depend on just one person to process payroll (Richerd, 2008). A computerized payroll system saves on time and lowers your error ratio. You can enter payroll payment information quicker than with a manual system, and run payroll registers to double-check your information before printing the checks. This allows you to detect errors and adjust them before hand. Additionally, computerized payrolls simplify tax processing by computing the data for you and allowing you to do bulk print runs (Grace, n. d). A study of Marata (2011), St.Peter’s College Employees Payroll System is a system that enables the employees of St. Peter College to view the information on their payroll in a computerized manner. Nowadays all establishments are becoming modernized; they use modern technology to make a transaction fast, easy, and accurate in order to avoid and lessen the time consumed, and having a modern technology in an establishment protects and secures confidential information. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such us the computational need of humans.Especially to business establishment or corporation or even schools in processing enormous data and complex transaction, payroll is an example of complex transaction because it is a critical business operation dealing with numerous accounts, and produces p lenty of confidential files. An automated payroll system will not only provide an accurate calculation and fast process of payroll transaction but it will secure data through security implementation and accordingly arrange files provided by a designed database that will produce a paperless environment and a tool to help a certain user to make everything in an orderly manner.The developers have decided to solve the problems in a way that we will create a system that will lessen the time in manually entering the formulas for every employee of St. Peter College and to organize all the paper works of the Accounting Department of St. Peter College. Now that technology had made great approach in organizations, institution and even private companies, Payroll System for Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant is not an exemption. This company needs this technology.Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant was founded on March 10, 1996, located at Arellano Bani, Dagupan City. It is being man aged by Ms. Theresa C. Neihum. With the use of the system, it can provide an accurate and reliable process of computation of the employee salary. Deduction of SSS, PhilHealth and others is automatically computed after data has been entered. In line with this project, the developers came up with payroll system for Silverios Seafoods and Restaurant which will raise the business standards to be more competitive.Through this integrated system, it will no longer have a burden in doing payroll transactions through the use of payroll system it will easily calculate the employee’s salary, deductions and by automatically generating a pay slip. It will help promote quality of service and avoid waste of time since there are no such longer delays in the computation of employee’s salary. Conceptual Framework In order to provide this study with its groundwork, the developers utilized the concept of Input-Process-Output. Figure 1. 1 shows the paradigm of the study entitled Payroll Sy stem for Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant.The input parts of the research paradigm consist of the current procedure in payroll, hardware and software requirements and features of the proposed system and acceptability of the system. In the process variable, Waterfall model was chosen as the software development methodology which consists of the five phases such as requirement analysis and definition phase, system and software design phase, implementation and unit testing phase, verification and system testing phase and the operations and maintenance phase.The developers output for this project is the Payroll System for Silverio’s Seafoods and Restaurant. After gathering the needed inputs, the developers came up with the output which is the Payroll System for Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant. Figure 1. 1 Schematic research paradigm for Payroll System for Siverio’s Seafoods and Restaurant Payroll System for Siverio’s Seafoods and Restaurant Waterfal l Methodology * Requirement Analysis and Definition Phase * System and Software Design Phase * Implementation and Unit Testing Phase * Verification and System Testing Phase Operations and Maintenance Phase 1. Current process in the payroll System. 2. Hardware and software requirements of the system. 3. The features of the system. Process Output Input Statement of the Objectives This project aimed to design, develop and test a Payroll System for Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant. Specifically, it sought to meet the following objectives: 1. To identify the current procedure in payroll; 2. To identify the hardware and software requirements of the system; 3. To describe the features of the system; and 4.To test the acceptability of the system. Significance of the Study The main purpose of the study was to develop an efficient and reliable system that will be used by the Finance Department of Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant in the generation of payroll of the employees. T he system will improve the manual process and provide accurate information in the company and will benefit the following entities: Silverio’s Seafood and Restaurant. The system can help the company accomplish their goals and objectives, to lessen the hassles in manual computation of employees salary.The computerized payroll system will help the Silverio’s Seafoods and Restaurant to have an integrated and organized process of managing and calculating salaries for the employees. Finance Department. The system reduces the slow process of computation of payroll for each employee. This provides an accurate and reliable process of generating payroll. Treasurer. By using the system, it will minimize the time consumed by the cashier in the computation of employee salaries and has an accurate and fast generation of payroll. Developers.This study will serve as training and experience for the developers. It will also enhance their knowledge on software development. Future Develop ers. For future developers, this project will serve as their references in conducting the same study. Through further reading, future developers can get ideas out of it that will guide them to create and accomplish their projects. Scope and Limitations The study focused on the development of the generation of payroll of employees which is computed based from the rate per day, overtime, gross, net pay, and deductions such as SSS and PhilHealth.An additional feature of the system is a log-in log-out process for security purpose. Other features include file maintenance which can add employee record, edit employee information, and generate pay slip for each employee. Computation of payroll is done every 15th and 30th day of the month. The system will exclude the monitoring of employees absences or tardiness or even daily time record and leaves-of-absences, as well as generation of report of leave of absences of each employee. Definition of TermsTo have better understanding of the terms used in this context. The following terminologies were defined. Calculate. Is a deliberate process for transforming one or more inputs into one or more results, with variable change. Deduction. The act of deducting or subtraction. Gross Pay. Is an  employee's  regular  remuneration  including  allowances,  overtime pay,  commissions, and bonuses, and any other  amounts, before any  deductions  are made. Net Pay. Portion of a  salary  or  wages  that an  employee  actually gets (takes home) after  paying  all  deductions  and taxes. Payroll. Total  amount  required  to  pay  workers  and  employees  during a  week,  month  or other  period. Payroll System. A payroll system involves everything that has to do with the payment of employees and the filing of employment taxes. Salary. Agreed-upon and regular compensation for  employment  that may be paid in any  frequency  but, in  common  practice, is paid on mon thly and not on hourly,  daily, weekly, or piece-work basis. Systems development life cycle.Systems development life cycle (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in  project management  that describes the stages involved in an information system development project, from an initial feasibility study through maintenance of the completed application. System. It is an automated or manual that comprises people machine and/or methods organize to collect, process, and disseminate data that represent userinformation. Waterfall Model. Waterfall model is a SDLC approach that assumes the various phases of a project can be carried out and completed entirely sequentially.

Battle of Princeton in the American Revolution

Battle of Princeton in the American Revolution Conflict Date: The Battle of Princeton was fought January 3, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Armies Commanders: Americans General George WashingtonBrigadier General Hugh Mercer4,500 men British Major General Lord Charles CornwallisLieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood1,200 men Background: Following his stunning Christmas 1776 victory over the Hessians at Trenton, General George Washington withdrew back across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania. On December 26, Lieutenant Colonel John Cadwaladers Pennsylvania militia re-crossed the river at Trenton and reported that the enemy was gone. Reinforced, Washington moved back into New Jersey with the bulk of his army and assumed a strong defensive position. Anticipating a swift British reaction to the Hessians defeat, Washington placed his army in a defensive line behind Assunpink Creek to the south of Trenton. Sitting atop a low string of hills, the American left was anchored on the Delaware while the right ran east. To slow any British counterattack, Washington directed Brigadier General Matthias Alexis Roche de Fermoy to take his brigade, which included a large number of riflemen, north to Five Mile Run and block the road to Princeton. At Assunpink Creek, Washington faced a crisis as the enlistments of many of his men were set to expire on December 31. By making a personal appeal and offering a ten dollar bounty, he was able to convince many to extend their service by one month. Assunpink Creek In New York, Washingtons concerns about a strong British reaction proved well-founded. Angered over the defeat at Trenton, General William Howe cancelled Major General Lord Charles Cornwallis leave and directed him to advance against the Americans with around 8,000 men. Moving southwest, Cornwallis left 1,200 men under Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood at Princeton and another 1,200 men under Brigadier General Alexander Leslie at Maidenhead (Lawrenceville), before encountering the American skirmishers at Five Mile Run. As de Fermoy had become drunk and wandered away from his command, leadership of the Americans fell to Colonel Edward Hand. Forced back from Five Mile Run, Hands men made several stands and delayed the British advance through the afternoon of January 2, 1777. After conducting a fighting retreat through the streets of Trenton, they rejoined Washingtons army on the heights behind Assunpink Creek. Surveying Washingtons position, Cornwallis launched three unsuccessful attacks in an attempt to take the bridge over the creek before halting due to growing darkness. Though warned by his staff that Washington may escape in the night, Cornwallis rebuffed their concerns as he believed the Americans had no line of retreat. On the heights, Washington convened a council of war to discuss the situation and asked his officers if they should stay and fight, withdraw across the river, or make a strike against Mawhood at Princeton. Electing for the bold option of attacking Princeton, Washington ordered the armys baggage sent to Burlington and his officers to commence preparation for moving out. Washington Escapes: To pin Cornwallis in place, Washington directed that 400-500 men and two cannon remain on the Assunpink Creek line to tend campfires and make digging sounds. These men were to retire before dawn and rejoin the army. By 2:00 AM the bulk of the army was quietly in motion and moving away from Assunpink Creek. Proceeding east to Sandtown, Washington then turned northwest and advanced on Princeton via the Quaker Bridge Road. As dawn broke, the American troops were crossing Stony Brook approximately two miles from Princeton. Wishing to trap Mawhoods command in the town, Washington detached Brigadier General Hugh Mercers brigade with orders to slip west and then secure and advance up the Post Road. Unknown to Washington, Mawhood was departing Princeton for Trenton with 800 men. The Armies Collide: Marching down the Post Road, Mawhood saw Mercers men emerge from the woods and moved to attack. Mercer quickly formed his men for battle in a nearby orchard to meet the British assault. Charging the tired American troops, Mawhood was able to drive them back. In the process, Mercer became separated from his men and was quickly surrounded by the British who mistook his for Washington. Refusing an order to surrender, Mercer drew his sword and charged. In the resulting melee, he was severely beaten, run through by bayonets, and left for dead. As the battle continued, Cadwaladers men entered the fray and met a fate similar to Mercers brigade. Finally, Washington arrived on the scene, and with the support of Major General John Sullivans division stabilized the American line. Rallying his troops, Washington turned to the offensive and began pressing Mawhoods men. As more American troops arrived on the field, they began to threaten the British flanks. Seeing his position deteriorating, Mawhood ordered a bayonet charge with the goal of breaking through the American lines and allowing his men to escape towards Trenton. Surging forward, they succeeded in penetrating Washingtons position and fled down the Post Road, with American troops in pursuit. In Princeton, the majority of the remaining British troops fled towards New Brunswick, however 194 took refuge in Nassau Hall believing that the buildings thick walls would provide protection. Nearing the structure, Washington assigned Captain Alexander Hamilton to lead the assault. Opening fire with artillery, American troops charged and forced those inside to surrender ending the battle. Aftermath: Flush with victory, Washington wished to continue attacking up the chain of British outposts in New Jersey. After assessing his tired armys condition, and knowing that Cornwallis was in his rear, Washington elected instead to move north and enter winter quarters at Morristown. The victory at Princeton, coupled with the triumph at Trenton, helped bolster American spirits after a disastrous year which saw New York fall to the British. In the fighting, Washington lost 23 killed, including Mercer, and 20 wounded. British casualties were heavier and numbered 28 killed, 58 wounded, and 323 captured. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of PrincetonBattle of Princeton

Trucanini Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trucanini Art - Essay Example The Trucanini image is one woman who is trying to come to terms with the frequent changes in the world which to her she cannot manage to change them. On the face the woman appears to have given up but the youthful beauty is still evident. The image depicts her as seated looking at the viewer with a traditional shell necklace and on her shoulders is the kangaroo skin. The photographic images were limited in the sense that by the time, the era of photography arrived in Tasmania in 1858 most of the population was dead a reason that explains why it was difficult to retrieve records. To add to this, during the colonial period there were a few artists and therefore the paintings were rare to find since they were not free to settle near the culture of civilized individuals. There were only two portfolios of Tasmian Aborigines that were known to these artists. The water color paintings would indicate women who had their hair shaved and only a circle of hair was left round the head while for the men they were bearded, unshaven hair and had no necklace. Given the poor rate of photography the power of the image of Trucanini was not portrayed well. For instance in the first portfolio, it was an amateur painting and sketch which were photographed in a squalid condition where the Trucanini are depicted as being comfortable with no hesitation. They have resigned to submit to the idea of imprisonment that was presented to them by the European colonies. No effort has been made by the photographers.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 12

Marketing - Essay Example Eventually, the product got to the stage of market development where the parent company described its target market, the market share, the sales, planned value proposition, and their profit goals. Finally, McDonald carried out a business analysis on the product through a review of its profit projections, costs, and sales to define if it fits into their company objectives. After this stage, the product was pushed to the product development, where they created McLobster. They consulted specialists in seafood. Finally, McDonald performed their test marketing by bringing McLobster, as well as its marketing program, into the real market conditions. At this point, they offered McLobster to its target market at particular locations. Test marketing for a company like McDonald is quite easy since they experimented with a product like McLobster at their own restaurants by carrying out local and small promotions and offering it under â€Å"NEW† on the menu. However, McLobster was not profitable enough for McDonalds to commercialize it, although, it is given as a seasonal product (Mills 35). Cited as one of the most notorious brand missteps of all, it was launched buy Coca Cola in the mid-80s in an attempt to stay ahead of its competitors during the famous â€Å"cola wars†. It was introduced in a way that made regular coke drinkers feel like they did not matter to the company, which led to a product boycott (Haig 23). This cola was introduced in the early in 90s and had no lime/lemon flavor unlike other clear and carbonated drinks, although it also did not possess the usual flavor prevalent in colas either. The soda, despite an expensive and glitzy media campaign, failed to catch. They lost millions trying to guess at straws and have not fully recovered yet (Haig 40). This error has informed most competitors not to change acceptable norms like cola colors. This burger was launched by McDonalds at a cost estimated